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Melt chromium chloride crystals12/4/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() The lack of agreement on the mechanism of passive film breakdown is mainly due to the difficulty encountered in obtaining precise experimental information. Despite the enormous amount of experimental data and diverse hypotheses and models proposed till date 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, the breakdown of the passive film is still not sufficiently understood and remains one of the most important and basic problems in corrosion science. The best-known inducer of localized passive film breakdown is the chloride ion. The nanometer-thick passive film on metals resists a general corrosion, but it is susceptible to severe localized attack in certain aggressive media 2. This work unmasks, at the atomic scale, the mechanism of chloride-induced passivity breakdown that is known to occur in various metallic materials.Ĭorrosion is one of the major causes of material failure and hence leads to a huge cost to our society 1. ![]() We use aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy to directly capture the chloride ion accumulation at the metal/film interface, lattice expansion on the metal side, undulations at the interface, and structural inhomogeneity on the film side, most of which had previously been rejected by existing models. Here we show experimental results on the structure of the passive film formed on a FeCr 15Ni 15 single crystal in chloride-free and chloride-containing media. Over the past decades, several classic theories have been proposed and accepted, based on hypotheses and theoretical models, and oftentimes, not sufficiently nor directly corroborated by experimental evidence. Nanometer-thick passive films on metals usually impart remarkable resistance to general corrosion but are susceptible to localized attack in certain aggressive media, leading to material failure with pronounced adverse economic and safety consequences. ![]()
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